D: P n (R) P n - 1 (R) and I:P n - 1 (R) P n (R) defined b differentia...
Linearity of Differentiation and Integration
Differentiation and integration are fundamental operations in calculus. They both involve transforming functions, but their behaviors with respect to linearity differ. Let's analyze the linearity of differentiation and integration separately.
Differentiation (D)
Differentiation is a linear transformation, which means it satisfies the following properties:
1. Additivity: For any two functions f(x) and g(x), the derivative of their sum is the sum of their derivatives.
- D(f(x) + g(x)) = Df(x) + Dg(x)
2. Homogeneity: Multiplying a function by a constant scales its derivative by the same constant.
- D(cf(x)) = c * Df(x)
The linearity of differentiation can be observed by applying the power rule, product rule, and chain rule, which all preserve linearity.
Integration (I)
Integration, on the other hand, is not a linear transformation. It does not satisfy the properties of additivity and homogeneity. The integral of a sum of functions is not equal to the sum of their integrals, and scaling a function inside the integral does not scale the result by the same constant.
For example, let's consider the integral of two functions f(x) and g(x):
- I(f(x) + g(x)) ≠ If(x) + Ig(x)
- I(cf(x)) ≠ c * If(x)
The lack of linearity in integration is due to the accumulation of values over a range, which introduces dependencies between different parts of the function.
Conclusion
Based on the above analysis, we can conclude that:
The correct answer is (a) D is linear where I is not a linear transformation.
- Differentiation (D) is a linear transformation as it satisfies the properties of additivity and homogeneity.
- Integration (I) is not a linear transformation as it does not satisfy the properties of additivity and homogeneity.
It is important to note that linearity is a fundamental concept in mathematics, and understanding whether a transformation is linear or not helps in solving various problems and analyzing their properties.